SPARK PLUG AND IGNITION SYSTEM IGNITING THE POWER OF GASOLINE ENGINES

In internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, the spark plug and ignition system play a crucial role. This silent duo generates the initial spark to ignite the combustion process, transforming fuel into power.

What is a Spark Plug? Its Role in Gasoline Engines

The spark plug is the final component in the ignition system, responsible for generating a spark to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.

Spark Plug Structure:

• Central electrode and ground electrode

• Spark gap ranges from 0.25 mm to 1.8 mm

• Insulating ceramic layer for heat and pressure resistance

Working Principle of Spark Plug:
When a high-voltage current (12,000V–50,000V) is sent to the spark plug, it creates a spark that jumps across the gap between the electrodes, igniting the fuel-air mixture.

What is the Ignition System? How Does It Work?

The electronic ignition system is a set of synchronized components that generate high voltage and deliver it to the spark plug at the correct timing.

Main Components:

• Power source (Battery): Supplies the initial electrical current

• Ignition coil: Steps up voltage from 12V to tens of thousands of volts

• Ignition control module (ECU/ICM): Controls ignition timing

• Crankshaft position and engine speed sensors: Provide data for accurate timing

• High-voltage wires: Transmit current to the spark plug

Spark Generation Process:

1. Voltage boost: The ignition coil increases battery voltage

2. Power delivery to spark plug: Via high-voltage wires or direct ignition

3. Spark creation: The spark plug fires to ignite the air-fuel mixture

4. Power stroke: Heat from combustion pushes the piston down, turning the crankshaft – generating mechanical energy

Why Are Spark Plugs and the Ignition System Important?

• Optimize engine performance

• Improve fuel efficiency

• Reduce harmful emissions

• Ensure fast and stable starts

• Protect other engine components from wear