How to Operate a Forklift Safely and Correctly

This guide outlines the standard safe forklift operation process, commonly applied in warehouses, factories, and construction sites.
It applies to diesel forklifts, electric forklifts, and electric pallet trucks, with only minor differences in the initial inspection steps.

1. Pre-operation inspection
Before starting the forklift, the operator should spend 5–10 minutes checking:

• Appearance: No cracks, dents, or damage on the frame, forks, or mast.

• Tires: Correct air pressure (for pneumatic tires) or no cracks/wear (for solid tires).

• Brakes: Brake pedal is responsive and not slipping.

• Lights, horn, mirrors: Working properly for signaling while driving.

• Hydraulic oil & engine oil (diesel forklifts): At correct levels, no leakage.

• Battery & electrical system (electric forklifts): Fully charged battery, no exposed wires.

2. Starting the forklift

• Sit properly and fasten the seat belt.

• Ensure the gear lever is in Neutral (N).

• Start the engine (electric: turn on the switch / diesel: insert key and start).

• Wait for the engine to stabilize before moving.

3. Safe operating rules

• Speed: Keep slow speed in the warehouse (~5–10 km/h).

• Lower the forks when traveling (10–15 cm from the ground).

• Do not lift loads while moving.

• Avoid sharp turns or sudden braking, especially when loaded.

• Drive in designated lanes and follow area signs.

• Always check front and rear before reversing or turning.

• Never carry people on forks or pallets.

4. Proper lifting and lowering

• Approach the load slowly → Align forks parallel to the pallet.

• Insert forks fully into the pallet before lifting.

• Lift vertically, avoid tilting sideways.

• When lowering, ensure the area is clear of people.

• Slightly tilt the mast backward when moving for load stability.

5. After operation

• Lower the forks to the lowest position.

• Shift gear to Neutral (N).

• Turn off engine, remove the key, switch off power.

• Park in designated area, ventilated, away from walkways.

• For electric forklifts: connect the charger if needed.

6. General safety notes

• Only trained and certified operators may drive forklifts.

• Wear full protective equipment: safety helmet, safety shoes, gloves.

• Do not operate when tired, distracted, or under alcohol influence.

• Always comply with the forklift’s maximum load capacity (see specification plate).